How to Cite a Preprint or Working Paper in Chicago 18th edition (notes and bibliography)

Preprints on servers such as arXiv, SSRN or bioRxiv, and working papers.

Example in Chicago 18th edition (notes and bibliography)

Perelman, Grisha. “The Entropy Formula for the Ricci Flow and Its Geometric Applications.” Preprint, ArXiv, November 11, 2002. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.math/0211159.
Footnote Grisha Perelman, “The Entropy Formula for the Ricci Flow and Its Geometric Applications,” preprint, arXiv, November 11, 2002, https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.math/0211159.

Fix by hand: Write arXiv with a small a in the bibliography entry, as the note does.

What Chicago 18th edition (notes and bibliography) includes

These are the details of the example above that the style prints, so they are the ones to collect for your own source.

  • Title
  • Author(s)
  • Server or Repository
  • Date Published
  • DOI

Check whether the paper has since come out in a journal or proceedings. If you read that version, cite it as a journal article or a conference paper. Otherwise note the server, the date of the version you read and the DOI on its page. For a working paper, note its series and its number too.

The formatting comes from the style's own file, so check the finer points against your guide. What to check by hand in Chicago 18th edition (notes and bibliography).

A Preprint or Working Paper in other styles

APA 7th edition MLA 9th edition Harvard (Cite Them Right 12th edition) IEEE Vancouver

Other sources in Chicago 18th edition (notes and bibliography)

Website Book Journal Article Newspaper Article Book Chapter Thesis/Dissertation Report Video Podcast/Broadcast Magazine Article Software Dataset Patent Legal Case Legislation Bill Regulation Hearing Standard Treaty Conference Paper Manuscript Review Book Review Classic Work Reference Entry Dictionary Entry Encyclopedia Entry Periodical Collection Interview Speech Song Musical Score Graphic Figure Map Performance Event Pamphlet Document Post Blog Post Personal Communication Generative AI